KeepUpClass

This is the cover page introducing Module 6, which focuses on the psychological "disconnect" between the mind, body, and identity through two specific categories: Somatic Symptom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders.

This module explores how our brains handle extreme stress or trauma by either "shutting off" parts of our memory/identity (Dissociative) or by turning mental distress into physical pain and illness (Somatic).
Think of it as the study of the mind-body connection gone wrong.
Even though these two categories look very different—one is about "forgetting who you are" and the other is about "feeling physical pain"—they are grouped together because they both involve symptoms that aren't caused by a clear medical or biological injury.

The Core Theme: Both types of disorders are often "defense mechanisms." The brain is trying to protect the person from an overwhelming psychological reality.
Somatic Symptom Disorders: "Soma" means body. These patients aren't "faking it"; they genuinely feel physical symptoms (like paralysis or pain), but doctors can't find a physical cause in the nerves or muscles.
Dissociative Disorders: To "dissociate" means to detach. This ranges from feeling like you're in a dream to having gaps in your memory or even having multiple distinct personalities.

As you move through this module, keep these two distinctions in mind for exam cases:

Physical vs. Mental focus: In Somatic disorders, the patient's primary concern is their body. In Dissociative disorders, the primary concern is their memory or sense of self.
Voluntary vs. Involuntary: In almost all these disorders (except Factitious Disorder), the symptoms are involuntary. The patient is not choosing to be sick or forgetful; their brain is doing it automatically.

Can you define "Soma" and "Dissociation" in your own words? (If you can't yet, remember: Soma = Body; Dissociation = Detachment/Splitting).

This page sets the stage for the specific "Diagnostic Criteria" you'll see on the next few pages. Pay close attention to the Sleep-Dissociation model and the TMS treatment mentioned later in the chapter, as those are the modern scientific links to these historical "mysteries."

This page serves as the "roadmap" for the module, outlining the three main areas you need to master: Dissociative Disorders, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and their respective treatments.

Think of this page as the boundary for your upcoming exam. You are moving from disorders of the "mind" (like Depression or Anxiety) into a territory where the connection between the mind, identity, and physical body has broken down.
Dissociative means a "disconnection" or "split" in your consciousness or memory.
Somatic comes from the Greek word soma (body); these are mental health issues that show up as physical pain or medical symptoms.

The "Split" vs. The "Body": To succeed in this module, you must be able to categorize a patient's symptoms immediately. If they don't know who they are, it's Dissociative. If they have a stomach ache that doctors can't explain, it's Somatic.
Perspective-Taking: Outcome 6.3 tells you that you won't just learn "what" these are, but "why" they happen. You'll need to compare the Psychodynamic view (it's a defense mechanism against trauma) with the Cognitive view (it's a misinterpretation of body signals).
Differential Diagnosis: A huge part of this module is being a "detective"—learning how to tell the difference between someone who is actually sick, someone who thinks they are sick, and someone who is faking being sick.

Dissociative vs. Psychotic: Students often confuse "dissociation" (a split in identity/memory) with "psychosis" (a break from reality, like hearing voices). On this page, focus on the fact that dissociation is about integration—the brain failing to "stitch together" memory and self.
Somatic vs. Malingering: Just because a symptom is "somatic" (psychological in origin) does not mean the patient is lying. To the patient, the pain is 100% real.

Can you define "Somatic" and "Dissociative" in one sentence each without using the words themselves? (e.g., "Physical symptoms caused by the mind" vs. "A breakdown in the sense of self or memory").

The next few pages will dive into Outcome 6.1, specifically looking at how we lose our "sense of self" through Depersonalization and Derealization. Keep an eye out for the difference between feeling like you aren't real versus the world not being real.

abnormal-psychology-module-6.pdf